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Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)

Full name of scale

Patient Health Questionnaire-9

Languages

English, French, Korean

French version reference

Arthurs, E., Steele, R. J., Hudson, M., Baron, M., Thombs, B. D., & Group, (CSRG) Canadian Scleroderma Research. (2012). Are Scores on English and French Versions of the PHQ-9 Comparable? An Assessment of Differential Item Functioning. PLOS ONE, 7(12), e52028.

Rater

Patient-rated

Utility

Research and clinical settings (explicitly mentioned)

听

This measure assesses the severity of depression.

听

Several versions exist:

  • PHQ-9 is the depression module from the full PHQ
  • PHQ-8: this may be an acceptable alternative to the
  • PHQ-9: it has all the items available in PHQ-9 except the last one: 鈥溾�渢houghts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way鈥�. In certain research studies with population who meet the below criteria: (1) the risk of suicidality is felt to be extremely low or negligible; (2) depression is being assessed as a secondary outcome in studies of other medical conditions; and/or (3) data is being gathered in a self-administered fashion rather than by direct interview, such that further probing about positive responses to item nine is not feasible.
  • PHQ-2: This measure screens for depression, and not the depression severity.

Time to complete

Approximately 3 minutes

Cost/license

Free to use

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ鈥�9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606鈥�613.

Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (2002). The PHQ-9: A new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatric Annals, 32(9), 509鈥�515.

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